What information should a nurse provide regarding insulin needs during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy?

During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, insulin needs typically increase due to the physiological changes that occur in the body. As the pregnancy progresses, the placenta produces hormones such as cortisol, estrogen, and progesterone, which can lead to insulin resistance. This means that although the mother's insulin production may initially meet her needs, the increased resistance will often require additional insulin to maintain appropriate blood glucose levels.

Balanced blood glucose is crucial for both maternal and fetal health, and insufficient insulin can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes or adverse fetal outcomes. Therefore, it is essential for healthcare providers to monitor insulin requirements closely during this period to ensure effective management of blood sugar levels in pregnant women with diabetes.